Assessing Practices and Challenges in Providing Nutritional Support to Neonates and Children Pre- and Post-Surgery, and its Impact on Recovery and Outcomes

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Providing adequate nutritional support to neonates and children undergoing surgery is crucial for their recovery and overall health outcomes. However, there are various challenges associated with this, including the unique nutritional requirements of this population and the potential complications that can arise pre- and post-surgery. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess the practices and challenges in providing nutritional support to neonates and children both pre- and post-surgery, and to analyze its impact on recovery and outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 200 neonates and children who underwent surgery over a two-year period. Data regarding preoperative nutritional status, types of nutritional support provided, postoperative complications, and recovery outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: The study found that 65% of neonates and children were malnourished preoperatively, with 45% experiencing delays in initiating enteral feeding post-surgery due to complications such as gastrointestinal intolerance and surgical complications. Among those who received parenteral nutrition, 30% developed catheter-related bloodstream infections. Overall, the mean length of hospital stay was prolonged by 7 days in malnourished patients compared to adequately nourished patients. Conclusion: Effective nutritional support in neonates and children undergoing surgery is essential for optimal recovery and outcomes. However, significant challenges exist, including preoperative malnutrition, delays in initiating enteral feeding, and complications associated with parenteral nutrition. Strategies to optimize nutritional status preoperatively, minimize postoperative complications, and enhance nutritional support are imperative to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.