Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Renal Function Decline and Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

ABSTRACT Evaluating the chronic course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identifying associated risk factors is essential for effective management. This study aims to identify risk factors and monitor the decline in renal function through prolonged follow-up of CKD patients. This retrospective cohort study included 410 CKD patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2022. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, and repeated measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria. Statistical analyses examined the association between GFR decline and risk factors such as age, diabetes, hypertension, and proteinuria during the follow-up period. The cohort showed a progressive decline in GFR over time. Significant associations were found between GFR decline and age, diabetes, hypertension, and higher proteinuria levels (P < 0.001). Age was associated with a 0.32 ml/min decline in GFR per 1.73 m², while the coefficients for hypertension and diabetes were -2.98 and -4.21, respectively. A strong correlation was found between proteinuria and GFR decline (β = -6.78, P < 0.001). Early identification and management of risk factors are crucial for slowing CKD progression. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to preserve renal function and improve patient outcomes.