A novel clinical approach to abnormal head movements in children: an expert review

Abstract

Abnormal head movements (AHM) in children can be caused by a variety of conditions. These could be serious neurological problems that need immediate attention or benign conditions that need only reassurance. (1) Reaching a correct diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Owing to the broad range of their types and causes, a practical diagnostic approach is needed to facilitate the management of AHMs by clinicians. In this article, we propose a Novel Clinical Approach to AHMs in Children based on our literature review and clinical experience. We introduce a collective classification and a practical algorithm that differentiates them according to semiology, frequency, and associated symptoms, and guides towards the causative factors and the needed investigations for confirmation.