Author:
Bellos Themistoklis Ch.,Manolitsis Ioannis S.,Katsimperis Stamatios N.,Kyriazis Ioannis P.,Angelopoulos Panagiotis A.,Neofitou Panagiotis N.,Kapsalos-Dedes Sotirios G.,Deligiannis Panagiotis K.,Tzelves Lazaros I.,Kostakopoulos Nikolaos A.,Lazarou Lazaros C.,Markopoulos Titos P.,Berdempes Marinos V.,Kiriakidis Alexandros A.,Livadas Konstantinos E.,Mitsogiannis Iraklis C.,Varkarakis Ioannis M.,Papatsoris Athanasios G.,Skolarikos Andreas A.,Deliveliotis Charalampos N.
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Renal cancer is the 3rd most common cancer of the urinary tract. It peaks at the age of 64 years and appears more common in men than women.
Methods:
The purpose of this study is to review the potential therapeutic options in metastatic renal cancer. A thorough MEDLINE/PubMed nonsystematic literature review was conducted from 1990 to May of 2023. The terms used for the search were “metastatic” AND “renal cancer” OR “renal cell carcinoma” AND “therapy” OR “treatment” AND “metastasectomy” AND “immunotherapy”.
Results:
Metastasectomy is advantageous when the metastatic foci are completely excised. When there is no clinical suspicion of any remaining metastatic disease, there is no need for further systemic therapy. Patients at intermediate risk may initiate neoadjuvant systemic therapy with immune-oncology (IO) and IO or tyrosine kinase inhibitor and IO; once the tumor regresses, metastasectomy is performed.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, there are many modalities for metastatic renal cancer treatment which depend on the prognostic factors of the disease itself.