Concept of Genetic Disorders in Ayurveda and Their Prevention

Abstract

The most basic prerequisite for any nation's affluence is healthy progeny. Congenital/hereditary disorders have a serious effect on a person's health. A study on genetic disorders exposes that 3%–5% of all births result in congenital deformities and 20%–30% of all infant deaths are due to genetic disorders. Even though science is advancing at a fast pace, there is still some lack of certainty about the underlying cause of these diseases, as well as their prevention and management. In Ayurveda, the concept of congenital diseases is comprehensively discussed by Sahaja Roga, Kulaja Roga, and Adibala Pravritta Roga, and Janmabala Pravrutta Roga. The antenatal causes, preventive measures, and types of diseases have been discussed explicitly. The importance of Shad-Garbhakara Bhavas (six pro-creative factors) such as Matrija (maternal), Pitrija (paternal), Atmaja (soul), Rasaja (nutritional), Satmyaja (wholesomeness), and Sattvaja (psyche/mind) for the creation of healthy progeny has been described in Ayurvedic texts. The conjunction of these pro-creative factors is considered necessary for healthy progeny. The physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being of both the parents during pregnancy and the practice of a wholesome regimen play a significant role in ensuring a healthy offspring. Nonconsanguineous marriage, appropriate age of marriage, and conception are also described in Ayurvedic text as preventive for genetic disorders. Considering the seriousness of the issue and knowledge gap, we review to comprehensively encapsulate the concept, diversity, and preventive aspects of genetic disorders described in Ayurveda as well as its understanding in contemporary science.