Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells – A New Perspective toward Regenerative Dentistry and Prosthodontics: A Narrative Review Article

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to review the unexplored area in regenerative prosthodontics using induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells. Materials and Methods: A computer-based search was done from the year 1981 to 2020, but more specifically for IPS cells from 2006 and, the data were collected from various sources such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (via PubMed), Medline semantic scholar, BioMed Central, Directory of Open Access Journals, Science Open, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine using the keywords stem cells in dentistry, IPS cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), prosthodontic regeneration using induced pluripotent cells, stem cells from the periodontal ligament, dental pulp, deciduous tooth, and dental follicle. We have also systematically reviewed the method to generate IPS cells and their research in obtaining various organs that is of concern in dentistry and especially prosthodontics. Results: Based on the keywords and cross-referencing, 69 articles were valid and selected for review. The chosen articles are organized according to the subheadings in the order of their publication date. This literature is based on studies conducted on animals, and it does not include the transplantation of IPS cells in humans. In 2006, when Yamanaka and Takahashi discovered IPS cells, there was a spike rise in the study of these cells. The number of clinical trials for IPS cells was around 75%, whereas for ESCs was just 25%. Most of the clinical trials for IPS cells have been done in the USA (37%) whereas India accounts for only 1% of the study. Conclusion: This review article suggests the future of IPS cells in regenerative dentistry and prosthodontics. It gives information on the types of stem cells, why IPS cells have been chosen for the review, the source of IPS cells, the method of induction of IPS cells, and their use in prosthodontics and implantology.