Systematic review on Vitamin D supplement on hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease outcomes

Abstract

ABSTRACT Globally, Vitamin D insufficiency is a problem that has a considerable impact on people’s health. According to recent studies, Vitamin D may potentially have positive impacts on serum lipid profiles, enhancing coronary condition. Therefore, the main aim of the present review is to examine Vitamin D supplement on hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2023, comprising Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and additional sources such as Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov. We reviewed a wide range of study types, including studies, trials, commentaries, and editorials. To assess bias, we used a recommended methodology, utilizing a two-part tool to address five specific domains: Selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, selective reporting, and other biases. We also employed a quality assessment tool for evaluating the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies. In this review, we incorporated 11 studies. The mean age of the cases was 60.11 years. The Vitamin D supplement mean dose was 8772.42 IU/day. The Vitamin D supplement group showed mean variations in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TAG) cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels of 3.3 mg/dl, 8.6 mg/dl, 10.625 mg/dl, and 9.45 mg/dl, correspondingly. Whereas, the mean variation in HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG as well as total cholesterol levels in the placebo group was 4.185714 mg/dl, 2.60825 mg/dl, 6.50625 mg/dl, and 6.2875 mg/dl, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated enhancements in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TAGs. Clinical tests for hypercholesterolemia should be implemented on patients at risk for heart illness and CAD, and Vitamin D supplements are beneficial. For individuals who are Vitamin D deficient, doctors may think about supplementing their routine cholesterol therapies with Vitamin D.