Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities among patients with stroke in a tertiary institution in Nigeria

Abstract

Context: Despite the high burden of stroke in Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the prevalence of neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities, presence of which may negatively impact the rehabilitation of the patient. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities and provide evidence for the inclusion of neuro-ophthalmic care in the holistic management of stroke patients in order to provide high-quality integrated ophthalmic and stroke services in tertiary facilities across the country. Materials and Methods: Consecutively consenting patients within 3 months of stroke who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Information was obtained in a standardized manner and each patient had a neuro-ophthalmic examination conducted. Frequency of neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities was determined. Associations between neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities and location of stroke were determined and a P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total of 100 patients with a mean age of 61.0 ± 12.64 (range 28–95) years were recruited, and males made up 62.0%. The major risk factors for stroke were hypertension (91.0%) followed by diabetes mellitus (25.0%) and dyslipidemia (11.0%). Most (80%) subjects had ischemic stroke, and subcortical location (35.0%) was the most common site of stroke. Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities were present in 23.5% of the cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between the individual neuro-ophthalmic findings and the location of injury in the brain (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities are prevalent among stroke patients; hence, early detection and care for these abnormalities should be integrated into management to improve outcome and patients’ quality of life after stroke.