Gamut of urological diseases in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract Context: Worldwide, urological disorders vary from one topography to another. An in-depth understanding of their distribution in each region could serve as a basis for the distribution of manpower, equipment’s alongside determine policy formulation and training. Aims: This study enumerates the annual frequency and distribution of urological disorders at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional retrospective study from November 2021 to November 2022 of all new patients who attended the urology outpatient clinic, emergency department as well as those who had surgical interventions at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State. Materials and Methods: The pertinent records were extracted from the patient’s electronic medical records (EMR) and entered into a semistructured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. Results: A total of 452 new patients were seen over the study period. There were 428 (94.5%) males and 24 (5.3%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 17.8:1. The median age was 58 years, with the age range of 2–97 years. Urological emergencies were seen in 13.5% patients. Ninety-eight percent of cases were acquired, whereas 1.8% were of congenital etiology. Overall, the most commonly diagnosed urologic diseases among new patients in order of decreasing frequency were benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) (54.7%), urethral stricture disease (11.0%), upper tract urinary calculi (6.3%), prostate adenocarcinoma (5.9%), and male infertility (4.3%). Conclusions: BPE, urethral stricture disease, upper tract urinary calculi, prostate adenocarcinoma, and male infertility are common in our environment. An understanding of the urological disease distribution will enhance policy-making and drive manpower needs inspiring core areas of subspecialization with a view at improving the standard of urological care and promoting collaboration with international organizations and funding agencies.