Inpatient treatment modalities of coronavirus disease 2019 in the Egyptian population: A bi-center retrospective observational study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Many protocols for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. In addition to an abundance of studies and meta-analyses on the treatment of COVID-19, different medications used in the intensive care unit will have a significant impact on mortality. The study attempted to highlight, compare, and quantify the impact on outcomes. Methods: Data were collected from subjects’ files, encompassing all physiological parameters, hematological profiles, and available laboratory results. In addition, all treatment modalities administered to the subjects were documented in medical files. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards. Results: The study included 120 subjects with confirmed COVID-19. Subjects treated with systemic corticosteroids (hazard Ratio [HR 0.45, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.01–1.32; P = 0.01) and tocilizumab (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.49–1.98; P = 0.05) exhibited lower mortality, while those treated with remdesivir (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.53–2.43; P = 0.05) showed increased mortality. In patients with COVID-19, improved mortality was observed with early rather than late treatment with noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) (HR 0.01 vs. 1.72, P = 0.05) and tocilizumab (HR 0.45 vs. 1.50, P = 0.05). Conclusions: The early use of NIV is associated with decreased mortality compared to late use. Corticosteroids demonstrate a mortality-reducing effect. In addition, early administration of tocilizumab is associated with decreased mortality compared to late use.