Retrospective descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinicopathological presentation of breast cancer patients in Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital over 5 years

Abstract

Background Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of mortalities among women. Early-stage diagnosis of breast cancer increases the chances of survival, and therefore, reduces mortality rates. A national initiative was implemented in Egypt in 2019 when women above the age of 18 years were granted free screening at 3538 healthcare units, and 114 hospitals nationwide. Objective To describe the sociodemographic factors and clinicopathological presentation of breast cancer among the patients presented to Cairo University Hospital over 5 years. Patients and methods We conducted a descriptive historical study at Kasr Al-Ainy Teaching Hospital of Cairo University, we retrospectively assessed all women with primary breast cancer diagnosed over 5 years during the period from the July 1, 2017 to the July 1, 2022. Data was collected from medical records, operative notes, radiology reports, and pathology reports from the database system of the Oncology Department of Cairo University Hospitals (Kasr Al-Ainy). The patient data is put into a spreadsheet that focuses on the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients (age, size of the tumor, side of breast affected, histopathology findings, imaging characteristics, immunohistochemistry, and TNM staging of breast cancer). Results We enrolled a total of 509 female patients who were screened for early detection of breast cancer during the past 5 years in general surgery, radio diagnosis, and oncology departments, Kasr Al-Ainy Teaching Hospital; they showed a mean age of 53.7±11.7 years and ranged between 26 and 88 years. In the current study molecular subtyping showed that 24.4% were Luminal A, 34% were Luminal B1, 19.4% were Luminal B2, 9.2% were HER2-enriched and 13% were triple-negative breast cancer subtype. We found that neoadjuvant therapy was prescribed for 190 (37.3%) patients, 36 (19%) of those patients achieved pCR, while the remaining patients had residual disease in the postoperative specimen. Conclusion We concluded that in our center, Egyptian females are diagnosed with breast cancer earlier compared with developed countries; however, the current study reports approximately the same percentages of molecular subtypes, rates of pCR, and metastatic disease at the time of presentation compared with developed countries.