Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outpatients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of and associated factors with depression and anxiety among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatients at Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2020 at the hospital's outpatient department. Those aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with COPD and undergoing COPD treatment, were eligible. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure depression and anxiety. Dyspnea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Among 392 patients, 381 (97%) participated in the study. The number of patients with depression and anxiety was 33.1% and 21.3%, respectively. Compared to men, women were more likely to experience depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–4.24) and anxiety (aOR = 4.11, 95% CI = 1.90–8.87). Those not having caregivers were more likely to experience depression (aOR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.27–7.20) and anxiety (aOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.26–9.60). Having mMRC dyspnea scale ≥2 was associated with higher odds of experiencing depression (aOR = 5.94, 95% CI = 3.63–9.72) and anxiety (aOR = 6.78, 95% CI = 3.48–13.18). Those not adhering to medication treatment (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.15–4.70) and having comorbidity (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.10–3.73) were more likely to experience anxiety. Routine screening of COPD patients for depression and anxiety is necessary so that early interventions could be provided.