1. Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
2. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA
3. US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
4. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
5. Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA