Left Ventricular Assist Pump Pocket Infection: Conservative Treatment Strategy for Destination Therapy Candidates

Abstract

Background Heart failure is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among patients with advanced disease and no access to cardiac transplantation. LVAD implantation is not only a bridge-to-transplantation option for patients awaiting a heart donor, but is often used as bridge-to-destination therapy in patients unsuited for transplantation for various reasons. LVAD infection is considered the second-most common cause of death in patients who survive the initial 6 months on LVAD support. Few reports describe the indications for chronic suppressing antibiotic therapy, device exchange, methods for exchanging infected devices, post-exchange antimicrobial management status, and the outcomes of such patients. Case presentation This is the case of a 74-year-old male patient with numerous comorbidities who received urgent surgical management for severe heart failure with a HeartMate II. Six months later he developed an LVAD pump infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was diagnosed with leucocyte scintigraphy. The patient received an omental graft over the LVAD and a chronic suppressive antibiotic regime. A marked leukocyte scintigraphy showed the infection's regression 6 months after the initiation of antibiotic treatment. Discussion We concisely reviewed the driveline infections and the main aspects of the LVAD pump infection. We reviewed options for conservative and nonconservative management and showed that conservative management of the LVAD pump infection is possible. Conclusions There are no defined recommendations for the management of LVAD pump infection. This case is among the few in the literature showing that conservative treatment of an LVAD pump infection is possible.