1. Control CfD. Smoking is down, but almost 38 million American adults still smoke. Available at:https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0118-smoking-rates-declining.html. Published 2018 [cited 2018 September 4].
2. Current cigarette smoking among adults–United States, 2005-2013;Jamal;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2014
3. The musculoskeletal effects of perioperative smoking;Argintar;J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2012
4. Effect of cigarette smoking on the clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction;Kim;J Bone Joint Surg Am,2014
5. The effect of smoking on spinal fusion;Berman;Int J Spine Surg,2017