1. Design of beams with web openings;Bower;J. Struct. Div., ASCE,1968
2. Subcommittee on Beams with Web Openings of the Task Committee on Flexural Members of the Structural Division. Suggested design guides for beams with web holes,1971
3. Critical loads for webs with holes;Redwood;J. Struct. Div., ASCE,1979
4. Effect of openings on lateral buckling of beams;Coull;J. Struct. Div., ASCE,1980
5. Theory of Elastic Stability;Timoshenko,1961