1. Zhai CJ, Yao HW, Besser PR, et al. Stress modeling of Cu/low-k BEOL-application to stress migration. In: International reliability physics symposium; 2004. p. 234–8.
2. Ogawa ET, Mcpherson JW, Rosal JA, et al. Stress-induced voiding under via connected to wide Cu metal leads. In: International reliability physics Symposium; 2002. p. 312–21.
3. Lim YK, Seet SC, Lee TJ, et al. Stress migration reliability of wide Cu interconnects with gouging via. In: International reliability physics symposium; 2005. p. 203–8.
4. Thermo-mechanical stresses in copper interconnects – a modeling analysis;Shen;Microelectron Eng,2006
5. On the elastic assumption for copper lines in interconnect stress modeling;Shen;IEEE Dev Mater Reliab,2008