More than tongue can tell: linguistic factors in ethnic separatism11I am grateful to North Staffordshire Polytechnic for granting me a sabbatical leave, and to the Pennsylvania State University for hosting me, during 1982–83 when this chapter was written. I acknowledge the encouragement of A. D. Smith and Don Cartwright, and the cartographic support of Mrs Jane Perks. Part of the discussion of the Quebec case here is a reworking of material in my “Identity through autonomy”, in Political Studies from Spatial Perspectives (Eds A. D. Burnett and P. J. Taylor), Wiley, London, 1981, and is used with the publisher's permission.