1. First draft of a report on the EDVAC, contract No., W-670-ORD 4926, between United States Army Ordnance Department and University of Pennsylvania;von Neumann,1945
2. Alexander graham bell;Grosvenor,1997
3. Modern VLSI design: system-on-chip design;Wolf,2002
4. Shockley W.: US Patent Application Serial No. 35,423 filed. Private communication (during 1970s) at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. The N- and P-type materials are also presented in the application, June 26, 1948.
5. Bardeen and WH: Brattain US Patent Application Serial No. 33,466 filed. Private communication (during 1970s) at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, June 17, 1948.