1. Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners;Inglis,1913
2. The phenomenon of rupture and flow in solids;Griffith;Trans. R. Soc.,1920
3. Fundamentals of brittle behavior in metals;Orowan,1952
4. G. R. Irwin, Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack transversing a plate. J. appl. Mech.24.