1. For reviews, see: (a) Regitz, M., Ed. Carbene(oide), Carbine; Houben-Weyl, Thieme: Stuttgart, 1989; Vol. E 19b.
2. (b) Wentrup, C. Reactive Molecules; Wiley: New York, 1984; Chapter 4.
3. (c) Moss, R.A., Jones, M., Jr., Eds. Carbenes; Wiley: New York, 1973, 1975; Vols. I and II.
4. (d) Kirmse, W. Carbene Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1971.
5. (a) Trozzolo, A.M.; Murray, R.W.; Wasserman, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 4991.