1. American Petroleum Institute – Recommended Practice 1111 (1999). “Design, construction, operation, and maintenance of offshore hydrocarbon pipelines (Limit State Design)”, (3rd ed.).
2. American Petroleum Institute – Specification 5L (2000). “Specification for line pipe”, (42nd ed.).
3. American Society of Mechanical Engineers – B31.4 (2002). “Pipeline transportation systems for liquid hydrocarbons and other liquids”.
4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31.8 (1999). “Gas transmission and distribution piping systems”.
5. Ayers, R. R., et al (1989). “Submarine on-bottom stability: recent AGA research”, Eighth Int. Conf. on Off. Mech. and Arctic Eng., March 19–23, The Hague.