1. Ramon H. Myers, “Agricultural Development,” in The People's Republic of China: A Handbook, ed. Harold C. Hinton (Boulder. Colo.: Westview Press, 1979), 176; Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank, ed., The Cambridge History of China, vol. 14, The People's Republic, Part 1: The Emergence of Revolutionary China 1949-1965, ed. Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 70-71, 87-88; Nicholas R. Lardy, Agriculture in China's Modern Economic Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 12.
2. Myers, “Agricultural Development,” 176-77, 179-80; Chao Kuo Chün, ed., Agrarian Policies of Mainland China: A Documentary Study (1949-1956), Published by the East Asian Research Center, Harvard University, 1963, pp.6-7, 38-51; Benedict Stavis, “Rural Institutions in China,” in The Chinese Agricultural Economy, ed. Randolph Barker and Radha Sina with Beth Rose (Boulder, Colo.: West View Press, 1982), 86.
3. MacFarquhar and Fairbank, The People's Republic, Part 1, 84; Roderick MacFarquhar, ed., The Politics of China, 2d ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 56-57; Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Famine (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), 22; Myers, “Agricultural Development,” 180.
4. Harry Harding, China's Second Revolution: Reform After Mao (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1987), 16; MacFarquhar and Fairbank, The People's Republic, Part 1, 14, 110-11, 115-19, 157, 160-63, 169-71; Yang, Calamity and Reform in China, 24-29, 32, 39, 96; Myers, “Agricultural Development,” 182, Chün, Agrarian Policies of Mainland China, 54-60, 127-33; Lardy, Agriculture in China's Modern Economic Development, 16.
5. MacFarquhar, The Politics of China, 86; Myers, “Agricultural Development,” 182-83; MacFarquhar and Fairbank, The People's Republic, Part 1, 301-02, 320, 364-65; Stavis, “Rural Institutions in China,” 90-91.