1. Nature, 11 Jan 1884, 37–40.
2. Krakatau 1883;Simkin,1983
3. For a recent rich account of the immediate effects of the eruption, see Winchester, S. (2003) Krakatoa. The Day the World Exploded, August 27, 1883, Viking.
4. A Retrospective Technology Assessment: Submarine Telegraphy. The Transatlantic Cable of 1866,1979
5. Fleming, S. (1884) Standard time for the United States of America, Canada and Mexico, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1884, p. 24.