The consequences of the new European reclassification of non-invasive brain stimulation devices and the medical device regulations pose an existential threat to research and treatment: An invited opinion paper
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Published:2024-07
Issue:
Volume:163
Page:280-291
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ISSN:1388-2457
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Container-title:Clinical Neurophysiology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author:
Antal Andrea, Ganho-Ávila AnaORCID, Assecondi SaraORCID, Barbour TracyORCID, Bjekić Jovana, Blumberger Daniel M.ORCID, Bolognini NadiaORCID, Brunelin JeromeORCID, Chanes Lorena, Dale Matthew, Dubbioso RaffaeleORCID, D'Urso Giordano, Filipcic Igor, Filipović Saša R., Hirnstein MarcoORCID, Konings Femke, Langguth Berthold, Leocani Letizia, Sorkhabi Majid Memarian, Mulder Marc, Nikander Mika, Nowak RafalORCID, Oliviero Antonio, Onarheim BalderORCID, O'Shea Jacinta, Pallanti Stefano, Rachid Fady, Rajão-Saraiva Joana, Rossi SimoneORCID, Sack Alexander T., Sauvaget Anne, van der Scheer Rik, Schellhorn Klaus, Soria-Frisch Aureli, Szekely David, Tankisi HaticeORCID, CJ. Taylor Paul, Tendolkar Indira, Uusitalo SusanneORCID, Baeken Chris
Reference13 articles.
1. Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines;Antal;Clin Neurophysiol,2017 2. European reclassification of non-invasive brain stimulation as class III medical devices: a call to action;Baeken;Brain Stimul,2023 3. Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (LOTES-2017): Engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk;Bikson;Brain Stimul,2018 4. Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation 2023 (LOTES-2023): updates on engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk;Bikson;Brain Stimul,2023 5. Unforeseen side-effects of the novel regulation of non-medical brain stimulation devices in the European Union;Bublitz;Brain Stimul,2023
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