Affiliation:
1. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Abstract
Injuries to the hand by sea urchin spines are not commonly seen in the United Kingdom. There are many varieties of sea urchins (Echinoidea) throughout the world. They have a spherical calcium carbonate exoskeleton covered with spines. Certain varieties may be venomous, in particular the flower urchin ( Toxopneustes pileolus) found in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Injury may also be caused by the urchin spines or pedicellaria (delicate seizing organs equipped with jaws) ( Auerbach, 1991 ; Smith, 2002 ). A small number of hand injuries associated with sea urchin spines have been reported in the literature.
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14 articles.
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