1. Die Lebensdauer von Kugellager;Palmgren;ZVDI,1924
2. Fatigue Failure from Stress Cycles of Varying Amplitudes;Langer;Journal Applied Mech.,1937
3. Cumulative Damage in Fatigue;Miner;J. Appl. Mech., Trans. A. S. M. E.,1945
4. Manson, S.S., A.J. Nachtigall, and J.C. Freche, (1961). A Proposed New Relation for Cumulative Fatigue Damage in Bending. Proc. ASTM, 61, 679–703.
5. Manson, S.S., A.J. Nachtigall, C.R. Ensign, and J.C. Freche, (1964). Further Investigation of a Relation for Cumulative Damage in Bending. NASA Tech. Memo. TM X-52002.