1. Proceedings of the Carbon Fibers ’99 Conference;Lemire,1999
2. Developed in the 1940s by DuPont and Union Carbide, PAN began to be used as a carbon fiber precursor material in the 1960s through work done in Japan (Toray) and Great Britain (Courtaulds).
3. Glasser WG, Kelley SS, in: K JI (Ed.), Concise encylopedia of polymer science and engineering, Wiley, New York, 1990, p. 544