1. Avner, S. H., Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 660–662.
2. ASTM Standard A370, A, ASTM, 1995.
3. Hertzberg, R. W., Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1989, pp. 457.