1. The use of arm flap for facial defects;Arrengui,1963
2. Total and subtotal restoration of nose;Blair;J.A.M.A.,1925
3. Reconstruction of amputated nose;Blocksma;Plast. Reconstr. Surg.,1955
4. Full-thickness loss of nasal tissue;Converse,1977
5. The arterial’vascularization of pedicles;Conway;Plast. Reconstr. Surg.,1953