1. Congenital absence of the penis, the urethra making its exit into or below the rectum, and emptying the bladder by, or exterior to, the anus;Harris;Phila. Med. J.,1898
2. Urology;Campbell,1970
3. Medical Embryology;Longman,1963
4. Congenital absence of the penis;Green;Homeopath. J. Obst.,1880
5. Clinical Pediatric Urology;Campbell,1951