1. Abrahamson, J. H. (1990). Survey methods in community medicine. Epidemiological studies programme evaluation clinical trials (4th ed., pp. 10, 162, 166, 177). Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone.
2. The Parenting Profile Assessment: Screening for child abuse;Anderson;Applied Nursing Research,1993
3. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect;Bernstein;American Journal of Psychiatry,1994
4. Statistics notes, Cronbach’s alpha;Bland;British Medical Journal,1997
5. Brassard, M. R., Germain, R., & Hart S.N. (1987). Psychological maltreatment of children and youth (1st ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.