1. Beyond liberalization III: Reforming universal service;Noam;Telecommunications Policy,1994
2. Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1996 US Bureau of the Census, Table 897.
3. Telecommunications access in the age of electronic commerce: toward a third-generation universal service policy;Mueller,1996
4. 47 US Code Sec 254 (b)(2).
5. US Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970 Part 2 Series R 1–12 783.