1. Reviews on β-lactam antibiotics, see: (a) Dürkheimer, W.; Blumbach, J.; Lattrell, R.; Scheunemann, K. H. Angew. Chem. 1985, 97, 183–205; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 180–202;
2. (b) Chemistry and Biology of β-Lactam Antibiotics; Morin, R. B.; Gorman, M., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, 1982; Vols. 1–3.
3. (a) van der Steen, F. H.; van Koten, G. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 7503–7524;
4. (b) Ogliaruso, M. A.; Wolfe, J. F. Synthesis of Lactones and Lactams; Patai, S.; Rappoport, Z., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1993.
5. The Chemistry of β-Lactams; Page, M. I., Ed.; Chapman and Hall: London, 1992.