Immunological investigation in the adenoid tissues from children with chronic rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent inflammation and tissue remodeling of the nasal mucosa. Adenoidectomy is an effective surgical treatment in pediatric CRS. To evaluate the effect of pediatric CRS on the severity and characteristics of adenoid inflammation, the authors evaluated the expressions of inflammatory cell activation markers and tissue remodeling in adenoid tissues associated with cytokines tissue-remodeling-associated cytokines in adenoid tissues. Study Design and Setting: A prospective controlled study on 40 pediatric patients admitting for adenotonsillectomy. Subjects and Methods: Immunoassays were performed on adenoid tissues homogenates from 16 children with CRS and from 24 children without CRS to quantify the levels of inflammatory cell activation markers, such as soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD23 (sCD23), IL-6, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and tryptase, and the levels of cytokines associated with tissue remodeling, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. Results: The mean levels (the ratio to albumin level) of sIL-2R, TGF-β1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were significantly higher in adenoid tissues of patients with CRS (27.31 ± 30.32, 4894.65 ± 2388.77, 500.13 ± 604.59, and 23.06 ± 10.37, respectively) than those without it (16.27 ± 10.93, 2635.51 ± 1448.63, 120.87 ± 321.50, 16.74 ± 11.10, and 7.39 ± 3.12, respectively; all P < 0.05). Regarding the severity of CRS, ECP level was significantly higher in patients with severe CRS than in those with mild to moderate CRS ( P = 0.033). Conclusions: Adenoid tissues in pediatric CRS patients had higher levels of tissue-remodeling–associated cytokines, which may explain the relationship between pediatric CRS and adenoid inflammation.