Intranasal corticosteroid use is associated with lower rates of bacterial recovery in chronic rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Objective To determine whether use of a topical intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) preoperatively had an effect on the bacterial recovery rate and flora recovered at endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Study Design and Setting A prospective, multicenter, observational study from academic-based rhinology practices. Consecutive, unselected patients undergoing ESS had protected sinus cultures done at the time of ESS. Results 157 patients were assessed. Overall growth rate was 45.5%. INCS users had a positive culture rate of 35.4% vs 61.7% in nonusers ( P = 0.0001). This effect was most pronounced in the subgroup undergoing revision surgeries (bacterial recovery rate INCS: 40.0%, no INCS: 82.6%, P = 0.001) and most marked for S. aureus (INCS: 12.5%, no INCS: 40.0%, P = 0.04) and CNS (INCS: 12.5%, no INCS: 30.4%, P = 0.05). While the rate of nasal polyposis was higher in both revision and the INCS-treated groups, rate of bacterial recovery was not influenced by a diagnosis of nasal polyposis. Conclusion INCS use preoperatively is associated with a lesser rate of bacterial recovery at the time of ESS, especially in individuals with previous ESS. Significance The results suggest a possible role of INCS in the management of post-ESS disease.