1. Carvel, R.O., 2004. Fire size in tunnels. PhD Thesis, Division of Civil Engineering, School of the Built Environment, Heriot–Watt University.
2. Mitigation of tunnel fires;Carvel,2012
3. SFPE, 2008. The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers.
4. McCaffrey, B.J., Cox, G., 1982. Entrainment and Heat Flux of Buoyant Diffusion Flames, NBSIR 82-2473, National Bureau of Standards. US Department of Commerce.
5. . 12.02.12.