1. Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain;McNicol;Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2015
2. Patient-controlled transdermal fentanyl hydrochloride vs intravenous morphine pump for postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial;Viscusi;JAMA,2004
3. Post-operative Pain Management. 2019. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. https://www.mdanderson.org/documents/for-physicians/algorithms/clinical-management/clin-management-post-op-pain-web-algorithm.pdf. Accessed 3/6/2020.
4. McPherson ML. Demystifying opioid conversion calculations: A guide for effective dosing. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, c2018.
5. This Equianalgesic Opioid Dose Conversion chart is based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations ( https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/resources/data.html)