1. CAI Kai-ke, CHENG Shi-fu. Principle and Process of Continuous Casting [M], Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1994 (in Chinese).
2. ZHANG Li, CHEN Ya-xian, YAO Man, et al. Data Analysis of Measured Abnormal Mould Friction and Research on Application Method in Slab Continuous Casting [J]. Iron and Steel, 2004, 39(7): 24 (in Chinese).
3. GAN Yong, CHEN Dong-liang, YANG Wen-gai. The Experimental Study of the Mould Dynamic Friction Force in Continuous Casting of Steel [J]. Iron and Steel, 1999, 34(4): 16 (in Chinese).
4. LIU Xin, ZHAO Lian-gang. Measurement and Research Into the Withdrawal Resistance at High Casting Speed [J]. Heavy Machinery, 2001, 1(1): 15 (in Chinese).
5. Blazek K E, Saucedo I G. Characterization of the Formation, Propagation, and Recovery of Sticker/Hanger Type Breakouts [J], ISIJ International, 1990, 30(6): 435.