1. Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel. Acute Pain Management: Operative or Medical Procedures and Trauma. Clinical Practice Guideline. AHCPR Pub. No. 92-0032. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; February 1992.
2. American Pain Society. Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain, 4th ed. Glenview, IL; 1999.
3. Cancer Pain Relief,1986
4. Jacox A, Carr DB, Payne R et al. Management of Cancer Pain. Clinical Practice Guideline. No. 9. AHCPR Publication No. 94-0592. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; March 1994.
5. American Academy of Pain Medicine and American Pain Society. The Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Consensus Statement. American Academy of Pain Medicine and American Pain Society; 1997.