Author:
Dervic K.,Garcia-Amador M.,Sudol K.,Freed P.,Brent D.A.,Mann J.J.,Harkavy-Friedman J.M.,Oquendo M.A.
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate distinguishing features between bipolar I, II and unipolar depression, and impulsivity/aggression traits in particular.Methods:Six hundred and eighty-five (n = 685) patients in a major depressive episode with lifetime Unipolar (UP) depression (n = 455), Bipolar I (BP-I) disorder (n = 151), and Bipolar II (BP-II) (n = 79) disorder were compared in terms of their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.Results:Compared to unipolar patients, BP-I and BP-II depressed patients were significantly younger at onset of their first depressive episode, and were more likely to experience their first depressive episode before/at age of 15. They also had more previous affective episodes, more first- and second-degree relatives with history of mania, more current psychotic and subsyndromal manic symptoms, and received psychopharmacological and psychotherapy treatment at an earlier age. Furthermore, BP-I and BP-II depressed patients had higher lifetime impulsivity, aggression, and hostility scores. With regard to bipolar subtypes, BP-I patients had more trait-impulsivity and lifetime aggression than BP-II patients whereas the latter had more hostility than BP-I patients. As for co-morbid disorders, Cluster A and B Personality Disorders, alcohol and substance abuse/dependence and anxiety disorders were more prevalent in BP-I and BP-II than in unipolar patients. Whereas the three groups did not differ on other socio-demographic variables, BP-I patients were significantly more often unemployed that UP patients.Conclusion:Our findings comport with major previous findings on differences between bipolar and unipolar depression. As for trait characteristics, bipolar I and II depressed patients had more life-time impulsivity and aggression/hostility than unipolar patients. In addition, bipolar I and II patients also differed on these trait characteristics.
Funder
National Institute of Mental Health
Conte Center for the Neurobiology of Mental Disorders
Nina Rahn Foundation
Koplowitz Foundation
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health
Cited by
45 articles.
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