Characterization of the pharmacokinetics, behavioral effects and effects on thermal nociception of morphine 6-glucuronide and morphine 3-glucuronide in horses

Author:

Knych Heather K.,Kanarr Kirsten,Fang Yanbin,McKemie Daniel S.,Kass Philip H.

Funder

University of California Davis Center for Equine Health

University of California, Davis

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Subject

General Veterinary

Reference35 articles.

1. The excitatory effects of morphine-3-glucuronide are attenuated by LY274614, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and by midazolam, an agonist at the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA receptor complex;Bartlett;Life Sci,1994

2. The pharmacology of narcotic analgesics in the horse. IV. Dose and time response relationships for behavioral responses to morphine, meperidine, pentazocine, anileridine, methadone, and hydromorphone;Combie;J Equine Med Surg,1979

3. Pharmacology of narcotic analgesics in the horse: selective blockade of narcotic-induced locomotor activity;Combie;Am J Vet Res,1981

4. [Effects of morphine, butorphanol and levomethadone in different doses on thermal nociceptive thresholds in horses];Dönselmann Im Sande;Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere,2017

5. Plasma histamine concentrations in horses administered sodium penicillin, guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine and isoflurane with morphine or butorphanol;Duke-Novakovski;Vet Anaesth Analg,2021

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