1. Cancer Statistics, 2021;Siegel;CA Cancer J Clin,2021
2. Campbell S, Lane B, Pierorazio P. Malignant renal tumors. In: Partin AW, Peters CA, Kavoussi LR, Dmochowski RR, Wein AJ, editors. Campbell Walsh Wein Urology, 12th Edition, Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2020. p. 2133–84.
3. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual;Amin,2016
4. The Mayo Clinic experience with surgical management complications and outcome for patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumour thrombus;Blute;BJU Int,2004
5. Haferkamp A, Bastian PJ, Jakobi H, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension into the vena cava: Prospective long-term follow up. 2007; 177: 1703-1708.