1. Fröhlich, F.: Der Mangel der Muskeln, msbesondere der Seitenbauchmuskeln. Wurz burg, C. A., Zurn, 1839. Quoted by F. N. Silverman and N. Huang.
2. Case of an infant in whom some of the abdominal muscles were absent;Parker;Trans. Clin. Soc. Lond.,1895
3. Congenital absence of abdominal muscles, associated with malformation of the genitourinary and alimentary tracts; report of cases and review of literature;Silverman;Amer. J. Dis. Child.,1950
4. Congenital absence of abdominal wall;Fletcher;M. J. Australia,1928
5. Absence congénitale des muscles abdominaux chez un nouveau-ne-du sexe féminin;Hofstein;Gynec. Obst.,1930