1. Ecosystem resilience encompasses the capacity of an ecosystem to withstand, absorb, bounce back, and adapt to disturbances and changes without collapsing into a qualitatively different state with a different set of ecological processes. C.S. Holling, 'Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems', 4 ANN. REV. ECOLOGY & SYSTEMATICS 1 (1973)
2. C. Folke et al., 'Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management, 2004 Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, & Systematics 35, pp. 557-581.
3. United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), ‘Marine and coastal ecosystems and human well-being: a synthesis report based on the findings of the millennium ecosystems assessment’ (UNEP 2006) (https://www.unep.org/resources/report/marine-and-coastal-ecosystems-and-human-well-being-synthesis-report-based-findings).
4. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC), Special Report ‘Global Warming of 1.5°C – Summary for Policy-Makers’. 2018 [https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/]; IPPC, Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate – Summary for policymakers'. 2019 (https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/).
5. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy. OJ L 164, 25.6.2008, p. 19–40.