1. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982, (entered into force 16 November 1994) 1833 UNTS 3 [LOS Convention].
2. There is no definition of ‘military activities’ in the LOS Convention. Still, the US describes military activities to “include, inter alia, normal ship operation, task force maneuvers, launching and landing of aircraft, military exercises, operating military devices, intelligence collection, weapons exercises, ordnance testing, and military surveys”, see J Ashley Roach and Robert W Smith, Excessive Maritime Claims (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 3rd ed, 2012), at 427.
3. The regime of the exclusive economic zone: military activities and the need for compromise?;Sam Bateman,2007
4. LOS Convention, Art 58(1).
5. Boleslaw Adam Boczek, ‘Peacetime Military Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Third Countries’ 19:6 Ocean Dev. Int. Law 445-468, 450. 1988.