1. APPCL (Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China), adopted in 1987 and amended in 1995, 2000 and 2015 respectively, entered into force on 1 January 2016.
2. (Explanatory Memorandum), adopted by the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia and House of Representatives (2010-2011), Policy Context, at 12;Australian Clean Energy Bill,2011
3. Birnie, Patricia W., Boyle, Alan E. and Redgwell, Catherine. (2009). International Law and the Environment (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed), at 188, 189.
4. Bratspies, Rebecca M. and Miller, Russell A. (eds). (2006). Transboundary Harm in International Law: Lessons from the Trail Smelter Arbitration (Cambridge University Press), at 112.
5. Buhaug, ø., et al. (2009). ‘Second IMO GHG Study 2009’ (International Maritime Organization (IMO)) definitions, at 1, 13. International Shipping Generally Refers to ‘Shipping between Ports of Different Countries’ and Excludes Military and Fishing Vessels Engaged on such Voyages. International Shipping Carries around 80% of Global Trade by Volume and over 70% by Value.