1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 1994. LRFD Bridge Design Specification, first ed. AASHTO, Washington DC
2. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), 1986. Load and Resistance Factor Design, first ed. AISC, Chicago
3. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), 2001. Load and Resistance Factor Design, third ed. AISC, Chicago
4. Finite Element Procedures;Bathe,1996
5. Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures;Galambos,1998