Subalpine fir mortality in Colorado is associated with stand density, warming climates and interactions among fungal diseases and the western balsam bark beetle

Author:

Lalande Bradley M.,Hughes Kristina,Jacobi William R.,Tinkham Wade T.,Reich Robin,Stewart Jane E.

Funder

USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

McIntire-Stennis

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Nature and Landscape Conservation,Forestry

Reference68 articles.

1. Alexander, R.R., 1987. Ecology, silviculture, and management of the Engelmann spruce -subalpine fir type in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service Agric. Handbook 659. Wash., D.C.

2. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests;Allen;For. Ecol. Manage.,2010

3. Barton, K., 2016. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.15.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn.

4. Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects;Bentz;BioScience,2010

5. Biological controls, thresholds, and pest outbreaks;Berryman;Environ. Entom.,1982

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