1. E. R. Brown, Chapter 10 of the present volume.
2. A. C. Seabaugh and M. A. Reed, Chapter 11 of the present volume.
3. J. H. Davies and G. Timp, Chapter 12 of the present volume.
4. J. N. Randall, J. H. Luscombe, and R. T. Bate, Chapter 13 of the present volume.
5. Boundary conditions for open quantum systems driven far from equilibrium